- Priority Key:
⭐⭐⭐ (3-Star): Most Frequently Asked (80%+ exams) – Must Master
⭐⭐ (2-Star): Frequently Asked (60-80% exams)
⭐ (1-Star): Occasionally Asked (30-60% exams) -
🧠 NEUROANATOMY – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ MOST IMPORTANT (Must-Master Topics)
- These are repeated long-answer favorites. If you skip these, you bleed marks.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Internal Capsule
- Parts
- Fibers passing through each part
- Arterial supply
- Applied anatomy (capsular stroke)
- Corticospinal Tract
- Origin
- Course
- Decussation
- Applied anatomy (UMN lesion)
- Circle of Willis
- Formation
- Branches
- Applied anatomy (aneurysm, SAH)
- Cranial Nerve Nuclei
- Brainstem nuclei of VII, IX, X, XI, XII
- Basal Ganglia
- Components
- Connections
- Functions
- Applied anatomy (Parkinsonism, chorea)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- UMN vs LMN lesions (classic table question)
- Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
- Blood–Brain Barrier
- Cavernous Sinus
- Relations
- Contents
- Clinical importance
- CSF Circulation
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Brown–Sequard Syndrome
- Weber’s Syndrome
- Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome
- Argyll Robertson Pupil
- Pontocerebellar Angle Syndrome
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT (Frequently Asked, Not Always Long)
- Often appears as short essay or structured long answer.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- 3rd & 4th Ventricles
- Floor of the 4th Ventricle
- Dorsal Column–Medial Lemniscus Pathway
- Medulla Oblongata
- External features
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⭐⭐⭐ EXTREMELY IMPORTANT (Non-negotiable Topics) head and neck
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Thyroid Gland
- Development (thyroglossal duct, anomalies)
- Gross anatomy (lobes, relations)
- Blood supply (arterial + venous)
- Applied anatomy
(goitre, thyroidectomy, nerve injury) - Parotid Gland
- Relations (superficial & deep)
- Structures passing through
(facial nerve, retromandibular vein, ECA) - Applied anatomy (parotitis, parotid tumors)
- Facial Nerve (CN VII)
- Origin (nuclei)
- Course (intracranial → intratemporal → extracranial)
- Branches
- Applied anatomy
- Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
- Course
- Distribution
- Lesion effects (tongue deviation)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Arterial Supply of Thyroid Gland
- Superior thyroid artery
- Inferior thyroid artery
- Thyroid ima (if present)
- Layers of Scalp
- SCALP mnemonic + clinical relevance
- Muscles of Mastication
- Names
- Nerve supply (mandibular nerve)
- Branches of Facial Artery
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Lateral Wall of Nose
- Dangerous Area of Face
- Angular vein → cavernous sinus
- Digastric Triangle
- Structures Passing Through Foramen Ovale
- (Very common spotter + short note)
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT (Asked Repeatedly but Variable Depth)
- Often appears as short essay OR structured long answer.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Larynx
- Cartilages
- Muscles
- Nerve supply (recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- Tongue
- Muscles
- Nerve supply (motor & sensory)
- Pharynx
- Muscles
- Nerve supply (pharyngeal plexus)
- Waldeyer’s Ring
- Bell’s Palsy
- Cause
- Clinical features
- Lesion level
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🫀 THORAX – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ ABSOLUTE MUST-DO TOPICS
- These are repeat offenders in proff exams and NEET PG alike.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Heart – Blood Supply
- Right & left coronary arteries
- Branches
- Areas supplied
- Applied anatomy
(ischemia, MI, coronary dominance) - Diaphragm
- Origin & insertion
- Openings (T8, T10, T12) with contents
- Nerve supply
- Applied anatomy
(phrenic nerve palsy, hernia) - Lungs – Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Definition
- Segments of right & left lung
- Clinical importance (segmental resection)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Thoracic Duct
- Origin
- Course
- Tributaries
- Termination
- Right Atrium
- Internal features
- Arch of Aorta
- Branches
- Relations (often asked indirectly)
- Intercostal Muscles
- External
- Internal
- Innermost
- Actions in respiration
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Azygos Vein
- Constrictions of Esophagus
- Levels + causes
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Types (ostium secundum commonest)
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT TOPICS
- Asked regularly but depth varies.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Mediastinum
- Divisions
- Contents
- Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
- Formation
- Tributaries
- Hilum of Lungs
- Structures & arrangement
- Achalasia Cardia
- Cause
- Applied anatomy
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🩺 ABDOMEN – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ EXTREMELY IMPORTANT (Core Scoring Zones)
- These are non-optional. They decide whether your answer looks average or authoritative.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Inguinal Canal
- Boundaries (anterior, posterior, roof, floor)
- Contents (male & female)
- Types of hernia
- Direct vs indirect (must include relation to inferior epigastric vessels)
- Applied anatomy
- Portal Circulation
- Formation
- Tributaries
- Portocaval anastomoses
- Sites + clinical relevance (portal hypertension)
- Stomach
- Bed of stomach
- Blood supply
- Lymphatic drainage
- Applied anatomy (ulcers, carcinoma spread)
- Pancreas
- Parts
- Relations (especially head)
- Development (ventral & dorsal buds)
- Applied anatomy (pancreatitis, annular pancreas)
- Kidneys
- Posterior abdominal wall relations
- Surface relations
- Applied anatomy (renal pain, surgery)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Rectus Sheath
- Formation above & below arcuate line
- Contents of Spermatic Cord
- Celiac Trunk
- Branches
- Superior & Inferior Mesenteric Arteries
- Areas supplied
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Hesselbach’s Triangle
- Epiploic (Omental) Foramen
- Caput Medusae
- Morrison’s Pouch (Hepatorenal recess)
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT (Frequently Asked, Depth Varies)
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Liver
- Gross anatomy
- Lobes & surfaces
- Duodenum
- Parts
- Relations (especially 2nd part)
- Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
- Ducts
- Blood supply
- Appendix & Cecum
- Positions
- Blood supply
- Applied anatomy (appendicitis)
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🩻 PELVIS & PERINEUM – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ ABSOLUTE MUST-MASTER TOPICS
- These are repeat long-answer favorites across universities and NEET PG.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Support of Uterus
- Primary supports (pelvic diaphragm, perineal body)
- Secondary supports (ligaments)
- Applied anatomy
- Uterine prolapse
- Urinary Bladder
- Relations (male & female)
- Nerve supply (sympathetic, parasympathetic, somatic)
- Applied anatomy (retention, injury)
- Anal Canal
- Anatomy
- Blood supply
- Applied anatomy
- Hemorrhoids
- Fissure-in-ano
- Male Urethra
- Parts
- Relations
- Applied anatomy (stricture, catheterization)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Ischiorectal (Ischioanal) Fossa
- Boundaries
- Contents
- Clinical importance
- Internal Iliac Artery
- Divisions
- Branches
- Broad Ligament
- Parts
- Contents
- Perineal Body
- Structure
- Muscles attached
- Clinical relevance
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Varicocele
- Left-side predominance (anatomical reason)
- Descent of Testis
- Gubernaculum
- Developmental pathway
- Hemorrhoids
- Internal vs external
- White Line of Hilton
- Surgical landmark
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT TOPICS
- Asked often, but depth varies with examiner mood.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Prostate Gland
- Lobes/zones
- Relations
- Blood supply
- Pudendal Canal (Alcock’s Canal)
- Formation
- Contents
- Rectum
- Anatomy
- Blood supply
- Applied aspects
- 🦴 UPPER LIMB – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ ABSOLUTE MUST-MASTER TOPICS
- These are high-frequency long questions. No shortcuts here.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Brachial Plexus
- Formation (roots → trunks → divisions → cords → branches)
- Branches
- Applied anatomy
- Erb’s palsy (C5–C6)
- Klumpke’s palsy (C8–T1)
- Shoulder Joint
- Type & relations
- Movements with muscles
- Stabilizers
- Rotator cuff
- Glenoid labrum
- Coracoacromial arch
- Axilla
- Boundaries (apex, base, walls)
- Contents
- Clinical importance
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Rotator Cuff Muscles
- Names
- Actions
- Nerve supply
- Median Nerve
- Course
- Distribution
- Radial Nerve
- Course
- Wrist drop (lesion levels)
- Ulnar Nerve
- Course
- Claw hand
- Lymphatic Drainage of Breast
- Axillary nodes
- Clinical relevance (carcinoma spread)
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Anatomical Snuff Box
- Erb’s Paralysis
- Wrist Drop
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT TOPICS
- Appear as short essays or structured longs, examiner-dependent.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Elbow Joint
- Type
- Movements
- Muscles involved
- Cubital Fossa
- Boundaries
- Contents
- Clinical importance
- Palmar Aponeurosis
- Structure
- Function
- Triangle of Auscultation
- Boundaries
- Significance
- 🦵 LOWER LIMB – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ ABSOLUTE MUST-MASTER TOPICS
- These are high-frequency long questions across universities and NEET PG.
- 🔴 Long Questions (10–15 marks)
- Hip Joint
- Type
- Ligaments
- Applied anatomy
- Dislocation
- Fracture neck of femur
- Avascular necrosis
- Sciatic Nerve
- Origin (lumbosacral plexus)
- Course
- Branches
- Applied anatomy (sciatica, foot drop)
- Knee Joint
- Type
- Articular surfaces
- Ligaments
- Cruciate
- Collateral
- Menisci
- Applied anatomy
- Arches of Foot
- Medial longitudinal arch
- Components
- Factors maintaining the arch
- Applied anatomy (flat foot)
- 🔵 Short Essays (5–7 marks)
- Femoral Triangle
- Boundaries
- Contents
- Clinical importance
- Great Saphenous Vein
- Course
- Tributaries
- Applied anatomy (varicose veins)
- Popliteal Fossa
- Boundaries
- Contents
- Adductor Canal
- Boundaries
- Contents
- 🟢 Short Notes (3–5 marks)
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Foot Drop
- Pott’s Fracture
- Femoral Sheath & Femoral Canal
- ⭐⭐ MODERATELY IMPORTANT TOPICS
- Asked repeatedly, but depth varies.
- 🔶 Long / Short Questions
- Ankle Joint
- Type
- Ligaments
- Movements
- Gluteal Region
- Muscles
- Nerves
- Vessels
- Femoral Nerve
- Course
- Branches
- Inversion & Eversion of Foot
- Joints involved
- Muscles producing movement
- 🔴 Core Topics (Long / Structured Questions) embryology
- Pharyngeal Arches
- Derivatives
- Cartilage
- Muscles
- Nerves
- Arteries
- Anomalies
- Branchial cyst
- Fistula
- Sinus
- Development of Heart
- Septation of atria & ventricles
- Congenital anomalies
- ASD
- VSD
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Clinical correlation (cyanotic vs acyanotic)
- Development of Face & Palate
- Facial processes
- Fusion defects
- Cleft lip & cleft palate
- Embryological basis
- Development of Kidney
- Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
- Ascent & rotation
- Anomalies
- Horseshoe kidney
- Pelvic kidney
- Double ureter
- Midgut Rotation
- Physiological herniation
- 270° anticlockwise rotation
- Anomalies
- Malrotation
- Volvulus
- Meckel’s diverticulum
- 🔬 HISTOLOGY – HIGH-YIELD PYQ CLASSIFICATION
- ⭐⭐⭐ ABSOLUTE MUST-MASTER SLIDES
- These are unavoidable in spotters, long answers, and NEET PG image-based MCQs.
- 🔵 Core Histology Topics
- Epithelium
- Types
- Simple squamous
- Stratified squamous
- Pseudostratified
- Transitional
- Examples
- Functions
- Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
- Thyroid follicles
- Colloid
- Chief vs oxyphil cells
- Adrenal Gland
- Cortex
- Zona glomerulosa
- Fasciculata
- Reticularis
- Medulla
- Hormonal correlation
- Liver
- Classical lobule
- Portal triad
- Sinusoids
- Kupffer cells
- Kidney (Nephron)
- Renal corpuscle
- PCT vs DCT
- Loop of Henle
- Collecting ducts
- Lymph Node
- Capsule
- Cortex (follicles)
- Paracortex
- Medulla (cords & sinuses)
- 9. Special “Viva” & Spotter Topics
- These topics are specifically noted for Viva-Voce and Spotters.
- Osteology: Mandible (nerve relations), Atlas/Axis vertebrae, 1st Rib, Hip bone (toughest), Fibula (confusing side determination).
- Viscera: Liver borders, differences between Ileum and Jejunum.
- Brain: Identify 4-5 visible structures on brain sections
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